5.11 I can recall how nitrogen oxides are formed in car engines

a.       Write the general equation for the combustion of a fuel

Oxygen + Fuel ---> Oxides + Energy + Water

b.      During combustion the nitrogen in air can react to form what gases?

NOx gases, ie. NO and NO2

c.       What condition is necessary for the formation of these gases?

Extremely high temperatures

d.      In what common object is this condition found?

Cars

e.      Why is this condition needed for nitrogen to react?

Because nitrogen is a diatomic molecule with 3 strong covalent bonds, meaning that it's structure is similar to that of the inert noble gases which means they need high levels of energy to break the bonds

f.        What are the dangers of the products from this reaction?

NOx gases can cause lung disease, asthma, heart disease, bronchitis and can shorten your life expectancy by 9 years

Unit 5.10: I can recall the problems associated with incomplete combustion

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1. Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless gas that is toxic to the human body
2. Carbon monoxide is formed through incomplete combustion, or the partial oxidation of carbon containing compound
3. Carbon monoxide is poisonous because it attaches itself to the haemoglobin

Unit 5.9 I can describe the trend in boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions

a.       What is the trend in boiling point of the fractions?

As you go down the fractionating column the chain molecules are longer resulting in higher boiling points

b.      Define viscosity (source your definition)

The ability of a liquid to flow www.geonet.org.nz/volcano/glossary.html

c.       What is the trend in viscosity of the fractions?

As you go down the fractionating column the viscosity of the liquid produced increases

d.      What is the trend in colour of the fractions?

As you go down the fractionating column the colour of the fractions get darker

e.      Why is crude oil separated into fractions?

So that it is able to be used

f.        What process is used to separate crude oil into fractions?

Fractional Distillation

g.       What physical property allows this process to work?

The different boiling points of the separate fractions

Fractional Distillation Unit 5.8

Unit 5.7 I can describe the industrial process of fractional distillation separating crude oil

5.6 I can recall what crude oil is made from

pg. 139 in Chemistry for You

a. Define the word hydrocarbon….	A hydrocarbon is a compound containing only hydrogen and carbon
b. What is crude oil made from?	Crude oil is a mixture of many hydrocarbons, and is formed from tiny animals and plants which lived in the sea millions of years ago
c. Define the word compound….	a chemical substance consisting of two or more different elements that can be separated chemically
d. Define the word mixture…..	a substance composed of two or more elements/substances mixed together but not chemically bonded

pg. 140 - 141 in Chemistry for You

d. How long does crude oil take to make?	Around 150 million years
e. Where does the energy in crude oil originally come from?	The sun, as the light energy used by the plants/organic matter in photosynthesis are trapped and stored
f. How is crude oil different from coal?	Coal comes from dead trees and ferns whereas crude oil is formed from dead animals, and coal is not a hydrocarbon and contains more than just hydrogen and carbon
g. Crude oil, coal and natural gas are collectively known as _________ fuels	Fossil fuels
h. How is crude oil transported when it is extracted from the ground?	Pipelines or oil tankers

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